2-Furfuryl Alcohol (FA)
Furfuryl alcohol
CAS: 98-00-0
Molecular Formula: C5H6O2
2-Furfuryl Alcohol (FA) - Names and Identifiers
2-Furfuryl Alcohol (FA) - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C5H6O2 |
| Molar Mass | 98.1 |
| Density | 1.135 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Melting Point | -29 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 170 °C (lit.) |
| Flash Point | 149°F |
| JECFA Number | 451 |
| Water Solubility | MISCIBLE |
| Solubility | alcohol: soluble |
| Vapor Presure | 0.5 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 3.4 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Color | Clear yellow |
| Odor | Mildly irritating. |
| Exposure Limit | NIOSH REL: TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m3), STEL 15 ppm (60 mg/m3), IDLH 75ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 50 ppm; ACGIH TLV: TWA 10 ppm, STEL 15 ppm (adopted). |
| Merck | 14,4305 |
| BRN | 106291 |
| pKa | 14.02±0.10(Predicted) |
| PH | 6 (300g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
| Explosive Limit | 1.8-16.3%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.486(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Character: a colorless, flowable liquid that turns brown or deep red when exposed to sunlight or air. Bitter taste. boiling point 171 ℃ freezing point -29 ℃ relative density 1.1296 refractive index 1.4868 flash point 75 ℃ solubility is miscible with water, but unstable in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene and chloroform, insoluble in petroleum hydrocarbons. |
| Use | Used as a raw material for the synthesis of various furan-type resin, anti-corrosion coatings, is also a good solvent |
2-Furfuryl Alcohol (FA) - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R48/20 - R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R36/37 - Irritating to eyes and respiratory system. R23 - Toxic by inhalation R21/22 - Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| Safety Description | S23 - Do not breathe vapour. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S63 - S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
| UN IDs | UN 2874 6.1/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | LU9100000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 8 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2932 13 00 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LC50 (4 hr) in rats: 233 ppm (Jacobson) |
2-Furfuryl Alcohol (FA) - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
a colorless, flowable liquid that turns brown or deep red when exposed to sunlight or air, is flammable and has a bitter taste. Miscible with water, but unstable in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene and chloroform, insoluble in petroleum hydrocarbons. The vapor forms an explosive mixture with air. Acid exposure
Easy to merge the occurrence of a severe explosion, the formation of insoluble resin. The relative density was 1.1296. Freezing point -29 °c. Boiling Point (look kPa) 171 °c. Refractive index 4868. Spontaneous ignition point 490.5. Flash point 75 °c.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
2-Furfuryl Alcohol (FA) - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
The catalytic hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol includes a liquid phase hydrogenation (medium pressure or high pressure) method, a gas phase hydrogenation method and a konizaro method.
- liquid phase hydrogenation method this method is to use a bubbling reactor to suspend the catalyst in furfural, using Cu-CrCa series catalyst, chromium calcium from copper nitrate [Cu(N03)2.3H2 0], chromic ammonium acid [(NH4)2 Cr04], calcium nitrate [Ca(N03)2- 4H2 0] and NH3-H20, at 190~210 ℃, medium pressure (5 ~ 8MPa), obtained by hydrogenation reaction.
- the reaction temperature of gas phase hydrogenation method is low, and the length-diameter ratio of the tubular reactor used can reach 100; The material passes through the bottom layer of the catalyst with piston flow pattern, which is beneficial to the inhibition of secondary hydrogenation, because of the high selectivity of the reaction, low consumption, basically eliminate the chromium pollution.
- konizarol method (self-oxidation-reduction method) furfural reacts with sodium hydroxide, half is reduced to furfuryl alcohol, and the other half is oxidized to the sodium salt of furoic acid.
This method does not need hydrogen, the equipment is simple; The disadvantage is that the main by-products each account for half, consume more solvent, separation trouble.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:56:57
2-Furfuryl Alcohol (FA) - Application
Open Data Verified Data
organic synthesis raw materials, can be prepared by levulinic acid (also known as acid), various properties of furan resin (such as furfuryl alcohol resin, furan resin, II resin), furfuryl alcohol urea formaldehyde resin, phenolic resin and anti-corrosion paint, anti-corrosion film, etc. The cold resistance of the plasticizer made from the raw material is better than that of butyl and octanol esters. Furan resin, varnish, pigment is a good solvent for rocket fuel. In addition, it is also used in synthetic fiber, rubber, pesticide and casting industry.
Last Update：2025-08-19 16:24:40
2-Furfuryl Alcohol (FA) - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
- flammable, toxic. The oral LD50275mg/kg, the vapor inhalation through the respiratory tract, liquid absorption through the skin can cause poisoning. Production equipment should be closed, the operation site should be well ventilated, the operator should wear protective equipment, avoid direct contact with the human body, prevent inhalation or swallowing.
- package with clean, dry, coated iron drum. 200kg per barrel. Storage in a cool, dry, ventilated place, no fire, avoid strong acid, strong oxidizing chemicals and food storage and transport. The handling and transportation shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant regulations on flammable drugs.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:56:57
2-Furfuryl Alcohol (FA) - Reference Information
| FEMA | 2491 | FURFURYL ALCOHOL |
| olfactory Threshold | 8 ppm |
| freezing point | -29 ℃ |
| LogP | 0.3 at 25℃ |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 2B (Vol. 119) 2019 |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| toxicity | GRAS(FEMA). |
| usage limit | FEMA(mg/kg): alcoholic beverage 10.0; Non-alcoholic beverage 19.0; Candy 59.0; cold drinks 88.0; Baked goods 110. |
| Application | is a good solvent and rocket fuel for resins, varnishes and pigments, and can also be used for synthetic fibers, rubber, pesticide and Foundry Industry used as raw materials for the synthesis of various furan-type resin, anti-corrosion coatings, is also a good solvent GB 2761-1997 provisions for the allowed use of food spices. Mainly used for the preparation of Coke flavor. FDA,§ 175.105: specifies as a non-direct food additive (binder). furfuryl alcohol is used in organic synthesis, and levulinic acid (fruit acid) obtained by hydrolysis is an intermediate of calcium fructosate. Furan-type resin (such as furfuryl alcohol resin, furan Ⅰ or furan Ⅱ resin), furfuryl alcohol-urea-formaldehyde resin and phenolic resin can be prepared from furfuryl alcohol; the cold resistance of the plasticizer made from furfuryl alcohol is better than that of butyl, octanol Ester, and it is also a good solvent for furan resin, varnish, pigment and rocket fuel. In addition, it is also used in synthetic fiber, rubber, pesticide and casting industry. The product is flammable and toxic. Mice oral LD50 was 275mg/kg. solvent. Organic Synthesis (production of anthracene, resin, etc.). Preservatives. Spices. |
| production method | furfural is obtained by hydrogenation reduction. In industry, there are two processes of Liquid Phase Hydrogenation and gas phase hydrogenation. The liquid phase hydrogenation method is divided into high pressure method and medium pressure method, the high pressure method is more than 9.8MPA, the temperature is controlled between 170-200 ℃, using chromium oxide and copper oxide as Catalyst, the molar ratio of furfural and hydrogen is 1:42, the conversion rate is between 95-100%, the medium pressure method is mostly about 6.73-6.86MPa, the temperature is controlled at about 160-170, and chromium oxide and lead oxide are also used as catalysts, the obtained product was distilled under reduced pressure at 66.5-79.84kPa to obtain furfuryl alcohol, and the conversion rate was generally 80-90%. The gas phase hydrogenation method is carried out at a temperature of 0.1-0.39MPa, the temperature is controlled at about 80-170 ° C., and a nickel or chromium-copper based catalyst is used. Furfural and hydrogen have high friction rate and low cost. Raw material consumption quota: furfural 1120kg/t, hydrogen 300/t. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity grade | high toxicity |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 177 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 160 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | eye-rabbit 100 mg/24 h moderate |
| explosive hazard characteristics | explosive when mixed with air; can burst in case of inorganic acid and some organic acids |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammable in open flame, high temperature, strong oxidant; combustion emissions |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The package is complete, light, light; The warehouse is ventilated, away from open flame, high temperature, and oxidant, separate storage of acid |
| fire extinguishing agent | foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder, 1211 |
| Occupational Standard | TLV-TWA 10 PPM (40 mg/m3); Tel 15 PPM (60 mg/m3) |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 915 ° F. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-and health-threatening concentrations | 75 ppm |
Last Update：2024-04-09 15:16:53
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